Adventi hamwe na Yohani Batisita na Bikira Mariya
Mu isezerano rya kera, Imana yagiye yiyereka umuryango wayo mu buryo bunyuranye kandi ikawuhunda ibyiza byayo yewe no mu gihe wabaga utabikwiriye. Imana yakomeje kuba hafi yawo mu bihe byose byawuranze igamije kuwuyobora kuri Kristu, Umukiza w’abantu bose. Ukwigaragaza kwe ku isi, kwabaye igikorwa nshobera-muntu kuko uburyo n’inzira yakoreshejwe butakekwaga. Ibyo bituma Ukwigira umuntu kw’Imana kuba agatangaza mu maso y’isi. Ni yo mpamvu Kiliziya ihora itwibutsa mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa Liturujiya, gukora urugendo rwo kumwitegura no kumwakira mu mitima yacu, tuzirikana iyo nzira yanyuzemo ngo agarure mu buzima muntu w’igisazira.
- Icyo Liturujiya y’ijambo ry’Imana igarukaho
Liturujiya y’Ijambo ry’Imana mu gihe cya Adiventi, igaruka cyane cyane ku kugaragaza umucunguzi ugiye kuza uwo ariwe, inkomoko ye ndetse n’uburyo bwo kumwitegura. Ni uwo mu muryango wa Dawudi nk’uko abahanuzi banyuranye bagiye babigarukaho; umwuka w’Uhoraho uzabana na we; azaba yuje ubuhanga n’ubwenge; azaba afite umutima w’ubushishozi, ubuhanga ndetse n’imbaraga kandi azaba afite igitinyiro cy’Umusumba byose. Ni umwami uzaca imanza zitabera kandi agaca ingoyi zose zari zishikamiye abakene, intabwa n’abaciye bugufi (Yer 23, 5-6).
Mu gihe cya Adiventi, amatariki yo kuva kuwa 17 kugera kuwa 24 Ukuboza arihariye. Liturujiya igenda itwegereza bya hafi iyobera twitegura guhimbaza. Iyo usesenguye neza usanga twibutswa ko Yezu dutegereje yaje kandi ko yigize umuntu nka twe. Azagaruka mu ikuzo kugirango turonke urumuri rwuzuye rw’ikuzo rye. Ariko se umuntu ashobora kwizihiza ivuka ry’Umukiza atazirikanye ku nteguza ye ya hafi cyangwa ku mubyeyi we? Ndahamya ntashidikanya ko igisubizo ari oya. Ni yo mpamvu muri iyi yandiko, nifuza ko twarebera hamwe Yohani Batisita ndetse na Bikira Mariya, nk’abantu bavugwa bya hafi mu nkuru y’ivuka ry’Umucunguzi dutegereje.
- Adventi hamwe na Yohani Batisita
Yohani Batisita ni umuhanuzi uhuza Isezerano rya kera ndetse n’Irishya. Nubwo yavutse gato mbere ya Yezu, ntibyamubujije kuba integuza y’uwo basa naho banganya imyaka dore ko Bibiliya igaragaza ko igihe Malayika Gabuliyeli atumwe kuri Mariya, hari hashize amezi atandatu Elizabeti asamye inda ya Yohani Batisita (Lk 1, 36-37). Ibi biratwumvisha neza ko Yohani Batisita yatangiye ubutumwa kare mbere y’uko Yezu abutangira ku mugaragaro. Niba Yezu yararindiriye imyaka mirongo itatu, Yohani we yatangiye kumuteguriza amayira atarageza kuri iyo myaka. “Abanditsi b’Ivanjili ntabwo batubwira imyaka Yohani yari afite igihe asize ababyeyi be; ariko yaba yaragiye mu butayu mu myaka ye ya nyuma y’ubugimbi[1]”.
Uwo Yohani, yahanuye iby’uje amukurikiye. Batisimu ye yari iyo kwisubiraho, akangurira abantu guhinduka ndetse no guhindura bagata ibishaje kuko ibishya byari rwagati muri bo. Uwo muhanuzi, arenze kure abandi bahanuzi kuko we yagize amahirwe yo kubona imbonankubone uwo yategurije. Yezu ubwe abihamya agira ati: koko rero ndabibabwiye, atambutse abahanuzi ndetse n’abana babyawe n’umugore usibye umuto mu Ngoma y’ijuru (Mt 11, 9-11).
Kuva Yohani Batisita yasamwa, imibereho ye, yabaye ubuhamya bwiza bw’ukuri n’urukundo rw’Imana. Burya Elizabeti yahishuriwe ko uwo Mariya yari atwaye mu nda yari Umucunguzi bitewe na Yohani Batisita wahise atangira ubutumwa bwe bwo kumwereka abantu yewe no muri icyo gihe bari bakiri mu nda[2]. Yohani Batisita rero yabaye umuhamya w’ukuri wa Kristu na mbere y’uko avuka. Mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, ibi biduha kumva ko yabaye umwigishwa wa Yezu, we Kuri, Inzira n’Ubugingo[3]. Ibi yanabigaragaje igihe mu maso ya rubanda ahamije ko uwo yateguriye ari Ntama w’Imana, ugiye gukuraho icyaha cy’isi akaba yariho na mbere y’uko Yohani avuka (Yh 1, 29-30).
None ibyo birahagije ngo twumve isano iri hagati ya Yohani Batisita na Adiventi? Reka twigire imbere gato twifashishije Ivanjili turebe. Yohani Batisita igihe yari mu buroko yari mu icuraburindi ry’umwijima. Nubwo yari yarahuye na Yezu haba muri bwa buryo twavuze haruguru ndetse no muri Batisimu ye, ntibyamubujije kwibaza ibibazo bisa n’ibyo buri muyahudi yibazaga. Yibazaga niba uwo yabatirije muri Yorudani hakagaragara n’ibimenyetso byo mu ijuru[4], ariwe Mucunguzi. Ese uri wa wundi ugomba kuza cyangwa dutegereze undi? (Mt 11, 3). Ibi byerekana nta gushidikanya ko nubwo Yezu yari yaraje, umutima wa Yohani Batisita wari ugikomeje ubutumwa bwo gushakisha ibimenyetso bikomeye bimwerekana[5].Yohani Batisita ntahwema kwemera Yezu, ariko akomeje gutangarira imigenzereze ye idahuye n’iy’abantu b’isi. Si umucamanza utera abantu ubwoba akabahana nk’uko ab’isi babigenza. Bityo ibyo yahanuye agira ati: “agomba gukura njye nkaca bugufi” (Yh 3, 30), bimwuzurizwaho[6].
- Adventi hamwe na Bikira Mariya
Igihe Bikira Mariya asubije: “yego” (Lk 1, 38), yaduhaye urugero rwiza rwa Adiventi nyayo. Yari akereye kwakira. Mu bwicishe bugufi, yakiriye ingabire isumba izindi zose. Mu kuzirikana ku magambo dusanga mu Ivanjili uko yanditswe na Luka (Lk 1, 26-38) tubonamo amagambo akomeye haba ku ruhande rw’uwatumwe ndetse haba no ku ruhande rw’uwo atumweho. Umumalayika w’Imana yinjiye kwa Mariya (Lk 1, 28). Ibi bishatse kuvuga ko umutima wa Mariya wari ukinguye rwose: ushobora kujya kumusura kandi ukamubona. Yiteguye kwakira. Mu magambo y’iyi Vanjili, Mariya ateze amatwi, arumva. Azi neza ko ijambo rikomeye cyane kandi ko rishobora guhindura umuntu. Rero, akereye kwakira icyo ijambo ry’intumwa y’Imana rimuhinduraho. Byarashobokaga ko Mariya afunga imiryango ntiyakire uje amusuye, ariko si ko yabigenje. Yashoboraga no gushaka impamvu zituma atumva ubutumwa uwo mushyitsi yari amuzaniye, gusa si ko yabigenje. Mariya yari asanzwe ari umukobwa urangwa n’imigenzo myiza kandi wubaha. Mu mutuzo udasanzwe yahoraga akereye gukora icyiza. Ni gutyo yagiriye neza abantu bose yemera kwakira adashidikanya ubutumwa Malayika w’Imana amugejejeho.
Ese ni ukuberiki Kristu yaba yarahisemo kubyarwa n’umukobwa w’isugi? Impamvu nyinshi tuzibona iyo dusomye Isezerano rya kera. Hari ingero nyinshi z’abagore bagiye babyara ku buryo bw’igitangaza ku bubasha bw’Imana. Abo twavuga nka Sara umugore wa Aburahamu wasamiye mu za bukuru (Intg 21, 2), Ana nyina wa Samweli (Sam 1, 20), nyina wa Samusoni (Abac 13, 24) ndetse na Elizabeti nyina wa Yohani Batisita (Lk 1, 57-58). Imana mu bubasha bwayo, yateguje abantu ku buryo bushoboka ibigirishije ibitangaza ndetse binasumbye kure ibyo bo bashoboraga gutekereza. Ni byo Pawulo Mutagatifu azashimangira agira ati: “Ishime mugore w’ingumba, wowe utigeze ubyara, rangurura maze uvuze impundu wowe utamenye ububabare bw’igise, kuko abana b’intabwa baruta ubwinshi ab’ubana n’umugabo.”(Gal 4, 27). Muri Bibiliya, umukobwa w’isugi agaragara mu bahanuzi nk’uzaba usendereye inema zose z’Imana kurusha abandi bagore bose (Iz 7, 14 na Mt 1, 23). Ubusugi bugaragaza by’umwihariko ukereye kwakira ingabire z’Imana. Ni byo Mariya ubwe yivugira ati: “impuhwe ze zisesekarizwa abamutinya bo mu bihe byose” (Lk 1, 50). Arakomeza ati: “yahanantuye abakomeye abakura ku ntebe zabo, maze akuza ab’intamenyekana” (Lk 1, 52).
Malayika Gabuliyeri ntabwo akiyereka abageze mu za bukuru ari ingumba bihebye, ahubwo ubu yagiye ku mukobwa ukiri muto, umukobwa w’isugi maze amubwira inkuru ko agiye gusama. Ntabwo ibyo bizaba ku buryo busanzwe bwa muntu ahubwo Roho Mutagatifu azamubundikira mu gicucu cye, ni wa Roho wahaye isi kubaho[7].
Igihe cya Adiventi kandi ni igihe cy’ibyishimo duterwa n’akanyamuneza dukesha Ubuntu bw’Imana. Mu kuzirikana ku magambo dusanga mu Ivanjili uko yanditswe na Luka (Lk 1, 39-56), tubona Mariya afashe nzira. Agiye ku rugendo, agiye gusura Elizabeti. Inkuru nziza yabwiwe na Malayika imuteye umuhate wo kugenda yihuta kugirango ayisangize mubyara we. Mu kubwirwa inkuru nziza na Malayika, Mariya yakiriye ingabire isumba izindi zose. Ni yo mpamvu anezerejwe no kuyisangiza inshuti. Nyagasani umutuyemo rero, ntabwo atuma avunika ashakisha amagambo yo kubisobanuramo ahubwo we ubwe, azishakira uburyo bwo kubivuga birenze uko Mariya yari kubivuga. “Nuko Elizabeti acyumva iyo ndamutso, umwana atwite yisimbizanya ibyishimo mu nda, maze yuzura Roho Mutagatifu” (Lk 1, 41). Mu yandi magambo, Roho Mutagatifu yahaye Elizabeti gucengera amabanga y’ugushaka kwe binyuze kuri Bikira Mariya. Niyo mpamvu ahise arata Mariya ati: “Wahebuje abagore bose umugisha, n’umwana utwite arasingizwa. Mbikesha iki kugira ngo nyina w’Umutegetsi wanjye angenderere? Mbaye ncyumva indamukanyo yawe, umwana yisimbizanya ibyishimo mu nda yanjye. Urahirwa wowe wemeye ko ibyo watumweho na Nyagasani bizaba” (Lk 1, 42-44).
Ese njye ntuma abandi babona Yezu untuyemo, mu mpano mfite, mu magambo mvuga, mu bikorwa nkora n’ibindi? Mu cyizere cy’uko atwaye mu nda ye Umwana w’Imana, Mariya aradushishikariza natwe kujya dusangiza abandi ku byiza bitagatifu twifitemo. Tureke Nyagasani udutuyemo ku bwa Roho Mutagatifu aganire n’abo duhura ndetse n’abatubona. Muri iki gihe, Imana ibinyujije kuri Bikira Mariya, ishaka kutwiha kugirango natwe tuyihe.
Umusozo
Kuva mu ntangiriro y’iyi nyandiko nagaragaje ko kwizihiza Adventi bivuga kwinjiza ubuzima bw’Imana muri twe. Yohani Batisita na Bikira Mariya twabonye haruguru, babaye irebero banasohoza ubutumwa bwabo neza. Tubigireho kwemera kwakira Yezu ugiye kuvukira mu buzima bwacu, twemere duce bugufi kugirango we akuzwe. Noheli twitegura, izaduhe gucengera neza iyobera rya Yezu waje, uje kandi uzaza. Dutegure ikirugu imbere n’inyuma kugirango tubone uko tumushengerera mu bwicishe bugufi.
Diyakoni Eugene ARINATWE,
Umudiyakoni wa Diyosezi ya Ruhengeri
[1] J. Steinmann, St Jean-Baptiste et la spiritualité du désert, Seuil, Paris 1955, p. 54.
[2] Reba R. E. Brown, Que sait-on du Nouveau Testament ?, Bayard, Paris 2000, p. 274.
[3] Reba urubuga https://www.notredameamiens-paroisse.com/post/saint-jean-baptiste-le-courage-de-la-vérité.
[4] Aha haravugwa ishusho y’inuma ndetse n’ijwi ryavugiye mu ijuru riti: uyu ni umwana wanjye unyizihira namwibyariye uyu munsi.
[5] Reba J. Ratzinger (P. Benedict XVI), Dogma and Preaching, Ignatius Press, San Francisco 2011, n.32.
[6] Abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko ibivugwa muri Yh 3, 30, byagenuwe mbere na mbere n’amatariki y’amavuko ya Yohani ndetse na Yezu. Yohani yavutse agomba kuzagira iherezo kugirango Umwana w’Imana, we utagira iherezo ry’imyaka, atangire ubutumwa bwe hano ku isi. Bityo Yohani Batisita aba umuhanuzi wa nyuma wahanuye Umucunguzi batisimu ye y’ukwisubiraho yategurizaga intangiriro y’ubuzima bushya. Reba A. Retif, Jean le Baptiste, le missionnaire du Christ, Seuil, Paris 1950, p16.
[7] Reba R. E. Brown, Que sait-on du Nouveau Testament ?, p. 271.